Efficient Post Mold Remediation Cleaning Protocols

Professional Tips for Message Mold And Mildew Remediation Success





In the realm of mold and mildew remediation, successfully getting rid of mold and mildew is just half the fight; truth challenge depends on avoiding its reappearance. Post-remediation efforts play an essential role in guaranteeing a mold-free setting in the long term. By sticking to skilled ideas and best techniques, individuals can safeguard their rooms versus mold and mildew renewal and preserve a healthy and balanced interior setting. It remains in this phase of the remediation process that attention to detail and aggressive procedures really make a distinction.




Monitor Moisture Degrees Routinely



Routine monitoring of moisture degrees is important in guaranteeing the performance of post mold and mildew removal efforts. After finishing mold remediation procedures, maintaining optimal moisture levels is vital to avoid mold re-growth and ensure a healthy and balanced indoor atmosphere. Tracking moisture degrees enables early detection of any spikes or variations that can potentially cause mold resurgence. High moisture levels above 60% develop a helpful environment for mold and mildew to grow, making routine monitoring a positive measure to stop any future mold and mildew concerns - Post Remediation verification.


Utilizing hygrometers or wetness meters can assist in precisely measuring humidity levels in various locations of the building. These devices supply real-time information that enables remediation specialists to make informed decisions relating to ventilation, dehumidification, and various other needed actions to keep suitable moisture degrees post-remediation. Furthermore, developing a regular timetable for humidity checks, specifically in risky locations such as restrooms, kitchens, and basements, is a positive method to mold prevention. By consistently keeping an eye on moisture levels, building proprietors can efficiently mitigate the risk of mold and mildew reoccurrence and preserve a healthy interior atmosphere post-remediation.




Conduct Thorough Inspections Post-Remediation



Following the completion of mold removal procedures, it is imperative to carry out thorough examinations to verify the efficiency of the removal process. These post-remediation assessments are essential in making sure that the mold and mildew problem has actually been successfully dealt with which there is no reappearance or continuing to be mold growth. Examinations should be executed by certified specialists who have know-how in recognizing mold and mildew and examining interior air top quality.


Throughout these examinations, various techniques such as visual evaluations, air sampling, and surface area sampling may be employed to completely review the remediated locations. Visual evaluations entail a thorough inspection of the premises to look for any visible indicators of mold and mildew development or water damages. Air tasting assists in establishing the air-borne mold and mildew spore levels, while surface area tasting can discover mold and mildew bits on surfaces.




Implement Proper Air Flow Strategies



 


After ensuring the performance of the mold remediation process via detailed assessments, the next vital step is to concentrate on carrying out appropriate ventilation approaches. Adequate air flow is vital in avoiding mold and mildew reoccurrence by regulating wetness levels and advertising air circulation. To attain this, it is suggested to use helpful resources exhaust followers in locations susceptible to high humidity, such as kitchen areas and bathrooms. In addition, opening doors and windows when weather condition permits can assist boost air flow and minimize moisture build-up. Air cleansers and dehumidifiers are likewise valuable devices in preserving optimum indoor air top quality.


Proper ventilation not only help in stopping mold and mildew growth however additionally contributes to the total wellness and convenience of occupants. By guaranteeing sufficient ventilation throughout the property, you can minimize the danger of mold regrowth and develop a much healthier living environment.




Post Mold Remediation CleaningPost Mold Remediation Report

Use Mold-Resistant Products for Services



To enhance the long-term performance of mold remediation efforts, incorporating mold-resistant products for repair work is essential in mitigating the threat of future mold development. Mold-resistant materials are developed to endure dampness and inhibit mold and mildew development, making them an essential option for areas susceptible to wetness and humidity. When fixing areas affected by mold and mildew, using products such as mold-resistant drywall, mold-resistant paints, and mold-resistant caulking can help prevent mold and mildew recurrence.




 


Mold-resistant drywall is an excellent alternative to standard drywall in locations like restrooms and basements where dampness degrees are greater. This sort of drywall has an unique coating that resists mold growth also when exposed to damp conditions. In addition, using mold-resistant paints including antimicrobial agents can better prevent mold and mildew advancement on wall surfaces and ceilings.




 


In locations where dampness is usual, such as cooking areas and bathrooms, using mold-resistant caulking around bathtubs, home windows, and sinks can help seal a fantastic read out water and prevent mold and mildew from holding in cracks and crevices. By spending in these mold-resistant materials during repair work post-remediation, you can dramatically minimize the probability of future mold concerns and keep a healthier indoor setting.




Maintain Sanitation and Address Water Issues



After mold removal, it is essential to keep a clean atmosphere to stop the regrowth of mold and mildew. Leaks, water invasion, or high moisture degrees can develop the ideal reproduction ground for mold and mildew, so it is a fantastic read crucial to deal with any type of water-related troubles instantly.


To keep cleanliness, take into consideration using HEPA filters in vacuums and air purifiers to trap mold spores and stop their blood circulation in the air. Making certain proper air flow in locations vulnerable to moisture accumulation, such as washrooms and cooking areas, can aid keep moisture degrees in check. By staying cautious about cleanliness and addressing water concerns immediately, you can effectively avoid mold and mildew reinfestation and keep a healthy interior atmosphere.




Conclusion



Post Mold Remediation ReportPost Mold Remediation Cleaning
Finally, following expert tips for blog post mold removal success is vital in making certain a mold-free environment - what to do after mold remediation. By keeping an eye on moisture degrees frequently, conducting complete inspections, executing correct ventilation methods, using mold-resistant products for repair work, and preserving sanitation while dealing with water concerns, individuals can protect against future mold and mildew development and keep a healthy and balanced living setting. It is very important to take positive actions to stop the reoccurrence of mold and mildew after remediation to guarantee lasting success


In the realm of mold and mildew removal, effectively removing mold and mildew is only half the battle; the real difficulty exists in preventing its reappearance. After completing mold remediation procedures, keeping optimum humidity levels is important to protect against mold re-growth and guarantee a healthy indoor setting. High moisture degrees over 60% produce a helpful setting for mold and mildew to thrive, making regular keeping track of an aggressive action to prevent any future mold and mildew issues.


To enhance the long-term effectiveness of mold and mildew removal initiatives, including mold-resistant products for repair work is vital in mitigating the threat of future mold and mildew development. After mold remediation, it is essential to maintain a tidy atmosphere to stop the regrowth of mold.

 

All about Fire Damage Restoration

An Unbiased View of Water Damage Restoration Near Me


Mold RemediationFire Damage Restoration

Not all species of mold are harmful and you will not be able to tell if mold is harmful by look []


Many houses in San Diego are vulnerable to mold and mildew growth. If you have a mold problem, after that make sure you work with a professional. Below are four advantages of employing a professional mold and mildew elimination service in San Diego. Mold and mildew can create several possible health issue. Do not chance things by attempting to eliminate mold on your own.


Eliminating mold and mildew is not a very easy job, specifically if it has spread or is situated in a hard to get to the area. mold removal. Spores launch right into the air during the mold and mildew removal process, and also this can result in it infecting various other components of your home. Lots of do-it-yourself procedures can contribute in mold and mildew dispersing.


Locating the source of the mold and mildew is challenging when you don't recognize what you're doing or if you are not properly trained. San Diego mold and mildew removal companies understand exactly how to find the source of the mold and mildew.


 

More About Mold Inspection


 



 


When a professional discover the resource, they will suggest you on what to do to deal with it. It is very important for the source to be determined since you can take actions to avoid the problem from happening once more. By dealing with mold and mildew concerns today, you'll lower wellness dangers for every person in your family.




 

 



An expert will take actions to shield themselves throughout the mold elimination procedure (fire damage restoration). Not only that, however they will certainly work to secure any personal belongings you may have that are near the mold. The bottom line is a professional will do things right. See to it you utilize a mold removal solution that offers emergency services, is recognized for their fast reaction time, uses highly trained professionals as well as uses the most up to date tools as well as modern technology.




Mold RemediationWater Damage Restoration Near Me
Check out to get more information regarding them.


Mold and mildew elimination costs can range from for little mold elimination tasks to for larger mold remediation tasks. It all depends on the intensity, scope and also where the mold and mildew is growing in your house. Mold is a fungus that naturally expands why not look here almost everywhere on the planet. Percentages of mold and mildew spores are typical, and there's really no means to entirely remove them.




Water Damage Restoration Near Me Things To Know Before You Buy


And the ideal means to do that is by lowering dampness as well as remediating mold and mildew when you observe it in your home. Depending on the level of the damages and also your capacity to safeguard yourself, it's possible to tidy mold and mildew on your own. If you are doing it yourself, your workspace ought to not surpass 10 square feet.


It's constantly best to get in touch with a specialist to identify the appropriate protective gear as well as the best mold and mildew reduction procedures. The very best means to stop mold from growing is to regulate moisture levels in your house. When mold spores arrive on areas or surface areas with extreme dampness, mold development can happen.


The risks linked with having mold and mildew in your home or service are a continued conversation and have actually been for several years. Having your home cleaned by a mold and mildew cleaning professional is a must. There are numerous advantages related to employing a licensed and also licensed mold and mildew cleansing professional, we will certainly review 3 below.




 


2. When a professional involves your home to clean for mold and mildew, they understand precisely what they are seeking because they are experienced in business. Many individuals think they can take treatment of cleansing mold and mildew by themselves however no matter exactly how difficult you attempt, your cleaning of mold can not compare to that of an expert.




All about Mold Removal


There is no usage in having your house cleansed for mold if you can't locate the root description reason. A professional will not only tidy for mold and mildew, but they are likewise able to diagnose the origin cause of the trouble.




The benefits are well worth having your house or organization professionally cleaned of mold. For more info on the benefits connected with mold cleaning, please call us. We are Solution, Master Top Quality Providers and also we are below for you when needed.


Mold isn't excellent for youespecially when your wellness is included. With an upswing of mold elimination firms on-line, it ends up being increasingly difficult to pick the ideal mold and mildew removal firm.


Remember, mold removal is a customized field usually needing a high degree of competence. Plus, you might not have the right tools to go it alone when it comes to dealing with mold.




The smart Trick of Fire Damage Restoration That Nobody is Talking About


With a specialist, you make certain that the mold and mildew will certainly be dealt with and helpful hints also gotten rid of completely from your homeleaving it fresh as well as extra interesting. Getting it right during mold and mildew elimination minimizes the opportunities of reoccurrences. It also minimizes the opportunities of mold spread. And also the only companion you can trust to totally eliminate mold is an expert mold elimination company.


Bear in mind, these are experts with a comprehensive understanding of the location. Home repair work can be expensive. Even worse still, repairs that are related to mold can skyrocket. Plus, waiting on lengthy to remove mold can have destructive effects on your house. Working with an expert can come in handy. He/she will relocate swiftly to get rid of mold, secure your home, and also recommend you the best means to repaint your house.

 

Getting The Mold Inspection To Work

Not known Facts About Mold Inspection Near Me


When getting a new residence, you must take into consideration getting a mold evaluation. Mold evaluation is a various process from common housing evaluations. The cost will certainly vary depending upon the size of the residence. Just how much does mold examination expense on a home? Just how do you understand if it is it worth it to conduct mold and mildew assessment and screening? There are a few various situations in which you could want a mold and mildew evaluation.




 


Fortunately, mold spores only form mold when they land on a damp surface area. That implies that if you can maintain the interior of your home completely dry, you can prevent having any kind of problems with mold and mildew. The best method to avoid mold and mildew in your home is to clean up spills, fixing leaks in your roof, pipes or cooling and heating system and also make certain your kitchen area and also bathroom are appropriately airing vent dampness away from the house.


One great point concerning mold- if you can see it, you have mold and mildew in your residence. Seeing mold and mildew in the splits and also edges of your walls definitely implies it is growing and also spreading out even more spores. Bear in mind that mold may likewise grow in position you can not see, such as in your ducts or between your walls.




Indicators on Orlando Mold Inspection You Need To Know


 

 



There is no chance to recognize what kind of water damages might have taken place in the residence you are intending to acquire. The only way to locate out if mold exists is to do a mold examination. After a home has been unoccupied. If a house has actually been closed and empty for months or years, moisture can have developed inside as well as triggered mold to grow.


After mold removal. If you have actually undergone the typically costly as well as tough steps to deal with a mold and mildew issue, regular mold inspections are a good suggestion to make certain you really removed all of it. You see some mold. If you notice some green, blue, black or white things expanding in your home, do a mold inspection to see to it you discover it all.


If you are looking into mold and mildew, you might come throughout various services as well as costs that note both mold and mildew assessment and also mold and mildew testing. Mold examination just recognizes the presence of mold and mildew and typically specifies the dimension of the issue, normally in square footage - professional mold testing. Mold and mildew testing tries to recognize what particular sort of mold and mildew is in your house and the number of mold spores are in the air.




All about Mold Inspection Near Me


Second, all indoor areas have mold and mildew spores that drift in reference from outdoors, so mold examinations will normally give a long listing of varieties, a lot of which are not actually growing in your house. Third, the EPA has actually set no guidelines for an acceptable amount of mold and mildew or mold and mildew spores in a house.


Note that some mold examinations consist of mold screening or tasting, especially in states where it is needed by legislation. Mold inspection is, for the many part, a visual evaluation of a home. There's no special devices entailed other than an excellent flashlight as well as devices that are often needed to gain access to restricted areas (like removing grates to inspect heating and cooling ducts).


A dampness meter might also serve in identifying if a specific area is wet, specifically after removal. A normal mold and mildew assessment includes the examiner speaking with the homeowner concerning any type of areas where they have seen mold, or where there have been moisture troubles or water damages in the past.




Mold Inspection - The Facts




If there is a chance mold and mildew is expanding in an inaccessible space, the examiner might have to harm an area of drywall or get rid of paneling to get a better look. If mold is spotted, the inspector will certainly search for the source of the moisture that is triggering the mold and mildew as well as speak with the homeowner to establish a removal plan.




Mold InspectionMold Inspection Near Me
Constantly search for a contractor with experience in mold examination and mold removal. Both the EPA as well as professionals like Moldman recommend that a mold and mildew evaluation is unneeded if you can see mold and mildew. You can relocate right to the removal step. You do not need to pay an expert assessor to inform you what you currently recognize.


There are 2 major variables that influence the cost of a mold evaluation: the size of the home being checked and also whether the examiner has to eliminate or damage parts of the building, such as drywall or paneling, to finish the evaluation. Quite just, a large house with a great deal of square footage is going to set you back even more to check due to the fact that the inspection is going to take longer.




The Main Principles Of Orlando Mold Inspection


 


The expense Bonuses of mold assessment can vary slightly from area to region, but the distinction is generally quite little. You are just as most likely to locate broader variants from one specialist to one more in the very same region. As a harsh standard, a mold evaluation sets you back about the like a normal house examination, the kind that is done when you buy a new house.


Over 4,000 square feet, the expense enhances to the $700 to $900 array (mold inspection). These expenses are for inspection only and also do not necessarily consist of testing. Avoiding the unnecessary mold screening can conserve you some money. Some service providers that specialize in mold and mildew remediation will do a mold and mildew evaluation for free, though they will certainly wish to be hired for the remediation itself.




Mold TestingMold Inspection Near Me
Inquire the number of mold and mildew removals they have actually done in the last six months. Call around your location and also obtain a couple of estimates. There may be a broad cost variety, so searching can conserve you a couple of hundred bucks. Inspect your state wellness division or labor division to see if mold and mildew inspectors are required to have an unique certificate or certification.




Top Guidelines Of Professional Mold Testing


If the mold and mildew inspection finds mold in your house, the following action is to make a removal plan. This always begins with removing the resource of the wetness that's enabling the mold to expand. If you fail to find more info remove the dampness, you can tidy up all the mold and it will certainly simply grow back.

 

Mold Remediation Miami Can Be Fun For Everyone

Water Mold Restoration Boss Of Miami Can Be Fun For Anyone

 

Water Mold Restoration Boss Of MiamiMiami Mold Removal

It's the very same when a court listens to a legal action and also hears that a mold service provider accredits that he checked the mold and mildew effected areas and they are great - water damage Miami. Would certainly you rely on that business?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Mold removal usually calls for a selection of services. A few of those solutions are taxable, while others might receive exemption. Taxability depends on the real services being given, who is acquiring the solutions, as well as what sort of building the services are being performed on. The taxability might also be impacted by whether the solutions are done in a proclaimed disaster location.


The cost to check air examples for mold is not taxable unless the test is utilized to determine the need for, or performance of, mold and mildew removal covered under an insurance coverage plan. Because instance, the solution is a taxed insurance examination. See Rule 3. 355, Insurance Services. If screening is used by an insurance provider, it is taxable, even if done in a proclaimed disaster area.

 

 

 

The Greatest Guide To Mold Inspection Miami Fl

 

Mold Removal MiamiWater Damage Miami
A cost for protective equipment made use of by a mold remediation service provider is not taxable. A fee for packing solutions, removing, and also boxing all components for storage space and also cleansing is not taxable.


The service supplier should pay sales tax obligation on products, materials, as well as devices made use of to execute the cleaning. Chemicals used as part of a clean-up service are ruled out marketed by the provider. Solution suppliers might release a resale certification, however, when buying materials as well as chemicals (such as deodorizers or Scotchgard) that stay on the cleaned up products as well as therefore are transferred to the client. mold specialist Miami.


Decontamination (i. e., HEPA vacuum cleaner all framing and structural surface areas as well as cleaning up with a whitening option) is a taxable real estate solution. Purchasers might assert an exception from tax obligation on independently stated charges for labor for services done in a catastrophe area. A charge to remove mold-infected locations in houses is not taxable.

 

 

 

The Single Strategy To Use For Miami Mold Removal


If greater than 5 percent of a lump-sum fee for mold and mildew removal solutions is for taxed services, tax is due on the total. To prevent or overcome this assumption of taxability, the solution company can independently state the taxed and nontaxable solutions that are carried out. See subsection (i) of Rule 3.


The Texas Tax Code does not put a restriction on for how long a purchaser has to declare an exception on labor fees connected to a stated calamity. For the exemption to be legitimate, however, the fees for labor must be separately specified and straight pertaining to go to these guys fixing damages triggered by a proclaimed disaster.


To declare the exception, the customer has to provide an exemption certificate to the service supplier and also especially show the disaster that caused the damage and the type of damage endured. Note: There is a 4 year law of restriction for claims for refunds of tax obligation paid in error.

 

 

 

About Mold Removal Miami

 

 


Molds are fungis located both inside and also out, nearly all over in the atmosphere. They can expand all year long and also grow best in cozy, moist as well as humid problems. Molds spread out by making spores that can endure rough ecological problems that typically do not support mold development. In the house, mold is often present airborne and also grows ideal in wet locations with high moisture levels, like bathrooms and also basements.


Individuals with health and wellness problems that might worsen as a result of mold and mildew exposure need to call a health treatment company for therapy and guidance. To decrease direct exposure to mold in the house, keep the humidity level of the house between 40-60 percent. A/c unit and also dehumidifiers can also help reduced interior moisture.

 

 

 

 


Mold and mildew resistants for interior home paint are readily available at most home improvement stores and, when blended with paint, decrease mold and mildew development on walls. Normally, it is not essential to recognize the varieties of mold and mildew growing in a home.

 

 

 

Some Known Questions About Miami Mold Removal.


If you are vulnerable to mold and mold is seen or smelled, there is a potential wellness threat; consequently, no issue what kind of mold exists, you ought to organize for its removal. Trusted tasting for mold can be pricey look here and criteria for judging what is and also what is not an acceptable or tolerable quantity of mold and mildew have actually not been established.




It is crucial to take actions Read Full Article for your safety and security when cleaning up mold. Be sure the area is well ventilated before beginning.


For more serious flooding and also where mold and mildew infestation is severe, consider calling a mold and mildew remediation expert. The trick to mold prevention is moisture control.

 

 

 

The smart Trick of Water Mold Restoration Boss Of Miami That Nobody is Talking About


Mold can not grow without a resource of water. By removing the water resource, the home owner can make certain mold growth will certainly not return. If mold development persists, consider getting in touch with a mold and mildew remediation professional for further recommendations. Moisture also can be concealed in the home as well as become a resource of mold. The term hazardous mold is wrong.
 

Our Mold Specialist Miami Ideas

Getting The Mold Specialist Miami To Work

 

Water Mold Restoration Boss Of MiamiMold Specialist Miami

Mold and mildew is an all-natural substancea fungusand it's also something that we such as to consume from time to time. And even if inhabitants do manage to live with it, the mold will certainly be a trouble for the following homeowners: existing mold and mildew will always come up on assessment reports.




For property owners attempting to make the sale work, mold remediation business are lifesavers. Several days prior to the firm comes, move as much furnishings as well as other products unaffected by the mold and mildew as feasible.

 

The Only Guide to Miami Mold Remediation

 

 


Most mold and mildew removal companies will certainly take treatment to maintain your home tidy while they do the work., mold and mildew removal workers completely suit up for activity: head-to-toe white suits, booties, respirators, and safety glasses.


Several sorts of mold discovered in the house are not unsafe. Instead, this is the common operating procedure for remediating mold: presume that it is hazardous also if it is not. Items that can be eliminated are gotten rid of right now. Generally, permeable items harmed by the mold and mildew has to be removed, not cleaned up.

 

 

 

Some Known Questions About Mold Inspection Miami Fl.


The bags are wiped down to get rid of any type of mold and mildew. The very first step of this two-step process is to spray the mold and mildew area with a biocide.


Note that bleach is not accepted by the EPA for eliminating mold. Usually, this very first step must take much less time than the 2nd step. After the employees leave, the biocide mosts likely to work, eliminating the mold and mildew spores. The wait period depends on the length of time it considers the biocide to eliminate the mold and also to dry.

 

 

 

Miami Mold Removal Can Be Fun For Everyone

 

 


The employees will certainly spray the area with a kind of paint or whitewash that covers, or encapsulates, the staying mold spores. The mold remediation firm must spray well beyond the moldy area to ensure that say goodbye to mold expands. For instance, if just a limited area of an attic displays mold and mildew, the firm will possibly still spray down the entire attic room.

 

 

 

 


Mold and mildew remediation is typically regarded to be effective if no visible mold remains and also if no smell of mold is existing. Energetic mold left under encapsulated areas can expand again, so it is very important to eliminate all mold before painting or whitewashing. As quickly as the surfaces have actually dried, it's secure for the owners to move back into the location.

 

 

 

The 9-Minute Rule for Water Mold Restoration Boss Of Miami


We know mold and mildew removal can be a daunting job. Well, the reality is that mold and mildew removal isn't as made complex as it's typically made out to be.

 

 

 

Mold Specialist MiamiWater Damage Restoration Miami
Some mold remediation companies additionally do restoration work, just like a basic click this site service provider. Repair can usually set you back far even more than the removal depending on the style of home, building products utilized, and so on.

 

 

 

The smart Trick of Miami Mold Removal That Nobody is Discussing


Usually, you do NOT. If you can currently see mold, you normally do NOT require to spend cash on pre-testing mold - water damage Miami. Ordinary and simple: you just require to remove it. Given that no visible mold development belongs in a healthy and balanced house (no issue what the type) and also all mold ought to page be removed similarly, there is normally no demand to determine what kinds and also concentrations of mold you have using testing.


The only time we advise pre-testing when there shows up mold is when you need "hard proof" for a negotiation. If you are purchasing a home that has some mold and mildew, it's probably a great concept to get it tested/confirmed so you can discuss the cost down with the vendor. Water Mold Restoration Boss of Miami.

 

 

 

The Best Strategy To Use For Mold Specialist Miami

 

Mold Specialist MiamiMiami Mold Remediation

 
 

 


They will not promote unneeded testing, will certainly bill affordable prices, have the ability to clearly describe what job they will certainly be doing, use expert techniques and devices, and have great deals of experience. No requirement to take a ravaging sphere to the whole home at the sight of a little mold. You can maintain the cost down by concentrating on the location where this is noticeable mold.


Yes, the remainder of the area (and perhaps adjacent areas) ought to be cleaned up, yet only damaged drywall requirements to be eliminated and replaced. The price of mold removal relies on the dimension of the job they can usually be over $1000. Some mold and mildew professionals out there exaggerate the amount of work that needs to be done, driving up the cost.

 

 

 

Water Damage Restoration Miami Things To Know Before You Buy


Mold spores are microscopic, float along airborne, as well as might enter your home via windows, doors, click here to read or AC/heating systems or also hitch a trip inside your home on your garments or a pet dog. Mold and mildew spores prosper on wetness. Mold spores can quickly become swarms when exposed to water. These nests might generate allergens and toxic irritants as well as have the prospective to cause various other wellness impacts.


Utilizing comprehensive training and also advanced mold-removal modern technology, we'll find the resource, identify the severity of the problem, as well as get rid of the mold problem. In addition, mold and mildew can develop in as little as 48 hrs.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15